Physiotherapy for osteochondrosis, depending on the patient's condition, is used both in combination with drug therapy, and independently. For osteochondrosis, the following types of physiotherapy are used: Laser therapy, Detenzor therapy, Electrotherapy, shock wave therapy, Magnetotherapy, Mud and Balneotherapy, ultrasound therapy, Ultraviolet radiation (UFO). After successfully relieving the excitement, massage and physiotherapy exercises are indicated.
UFO:Under the influence of UVA, vitamin D is formed in the skin, which helps absorb calcium. This method is performed using irradiation that has bactericidal, anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects.
Ultrasound therapy and phonophoresis:during ultrasound therapy, the body is exposed to high -frequency sounds (from 20 kHz or more). Due to its effect, this method eliminates pain from various localizations. This method is combined with the introduction of anti-inflammatory and analgesic drugs (ultraphonophoresis) for their better penetration into the affected tissues.
Shock wave therapy:his method consists in sending acoustic waves to painful areas of the body. This type: relieves pain, improves microcirculation, increases metabolism.
Detentor therapy:his method consists of stretching the spine using the patient’s weight.
Laser therapy:the method has a healing effect by using a helium-neon laser. Due to the activation of bioelectric processes in the tissues of the nervous system, laser therapy has anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties. Laser radiation is performed along the roots of the inflamed spine. With osteochondrosis, effects on the paravertebral zone of the affected spine are used.
Electrotherapy:Electrotherapy has a multi -faceted effect on the body: relieving pain and discomfort, improving nutrition and trophism of affected tissues. Impulse currents have a very effective therapeutic effect. The mechanism of their action on the body is determined by the effect on nerve receptors. Low -frequency impulses contribute to the extinction of acute pain and are prescribed as first aid for severe pain syndrome. The following types of currents are used: diadynamic therapy (DDT), amplipulse therapy (SMT), interference therapy, transcutaneous electrical neurostimulation (TENS), UHF electric fields.
Magnetotherapy:Physiotherapy for osteochondrosis includes the use of magnetotherapy, which has a decongestant, anti-inflammatory, antispasmodic effect. Inductors are placed on the affected spine and limbs.
Balneotherapy and Mud Therapy:balneotherapy for osteochondrosis consists of the use of mineral waters (local and public baths, swimming pools, showers) for the purpose of treatment and rehabilitation. During the procedure, minerals penetrate the skin and act on receptors and nerve centers.
When treating with mud, the effect on the body occurs under the influence of temperature and chemical composition of the healing mud. Mud is used in the form of applications.
Balneotherapy stimulates metabolism, improves blood circulation and relieves inflammation and pain.
Combined physiotherapy methods: Combined physiotherapy methods for osteochondrosis are most often prescribed. For example, with severe pain, diadynamic therapy and electrophoresis (diadynamophoresis) with the use of novocaine are used. For a one -step effect on biologically active points, the acupuncture laser puncture method is used. The action is to activate the point with an acupuncture needle and laser radiation.
Mud therapy is often used with electrotherapy (electrophoresis with mud solution, inductothermy with mud, galvanic mud therapy).
Joint treatment
All joint diseases can be divided into two main groups - joint lesions, which arise as a result of metabolic disorders, and inflammation of the joints. Of course, in each case, joint treatment is carried out according to its own special program.
Joint treatment,whether arthritis, arthrosis, rheumatism or other diseases, it must be complex, and the main task to be solved with treatment is to eliminate the cause of the disease, and, consequently, the painful symptoms.
Treatment with modern techniques aims to relieve or reduce pain, signs of local or general inflammation, and restore the affected joint. Complex treatment usually begins with drug therapy.
Patients are given painkillers and anti-inflammatory drugs, drugs that help restore articular cartilage, strengthen the immune system. Joint treatment at this stage can relieve pain symptoms. Often it involves the administration of intra-articular medication until the therapeutic substance in the desired concentration enters directly into the cavity of the diseased joint. This increases the effectiveness of drug treatment.
Further, when the main symptoms of the acute stage are safely eliminated, treatment is continued with the help of complex physiotherapeutic procedures, exercise therapy exercises, massage. In particular, the treatment of joints with physiotherapeutic methods has become widespread nowadays.
Pulse current (DDT, SMT), magnetotherapy, EHF therapy, laser therapy, electrophoresis with medical materials, ultrasound and phonophoresis were used. When the exacerbation subsided, balneotherapy (various types of baths) and mud therapy were linked. Physiotherapy and massage are prescribed.
Treatment of back pain
There are many reasons for this pain. First of all, unusual pain can appear as a result of hernia (protrusion) of the intervertebral disc, osteochondrosis, and pathology of the nervous system. Often, back pain occurs in people who have long been in the same position.
Yet the most common reason is lack of physical activity! This reduces blood flow to the ligaments, joints, and intervertebral discs, causing the cartilage that forms them to begin to rupture. It is this weakness of the ligament apparatus that is the cause of all spinal diseases. When pain appears, you should immediately see a doctor who will determine the cause, make an accurate diagnosis and prescribe treatment.
To reduce the risk of back pain, you need to move more, monitor your weight and do at least some gymnastics (15 minutes a day is enough).
Proper nutrition is also very important - this is one of the keys to health and longevity, and the spine needs protein to maintain flexibility and calcium for strength. Calcium is found in large amounts in hard cheese, liver, nuts, cottage cheese, eggs, and protein in meat and dairy products. The bones and ligaments of the spine also need micro -elements: phosphorus (there are many in bran, peas, fish), magnesium and manganese (they are found in sea fish, onions, potatoes), as well as fatty acids - their source is walnuts, fishfatty sea and olive oil.
When back pain gets worse, treatment is started with medication - usually painkillers, diuretics, and medications that relieve muscle cramps. However, there are no drugs without side effects, they are only used for a limited time, and most importantly, they do not eliminate the cause of back pain and do not prevent recurrence of the disease. In the acute period, treatment methods such as traction, as well as the wearing of collars and corsets, are also used, which makes it possible to relieve a sore spine.
In addition to emergency medications - medications that relieve muscle cramps and pain, the most important treatment for osteochondrosis is physiotherapy, which helps reduce pain in the acute period of the disease, improves blood circulation in tissues, prevents malnutrition of ligaments, muscles and joints. and prevent movement disorders.
Modern physiotherapy is a branch of medicine that has an arsenal of powerful treatment tools; two large blocks are distinguished in it - physiotherapy training with massage and electrotherapy. Therapeutic massage is one of the most effective methods of treating osteochondrosis and back pain, as it increases blood circulation in the deep tissues and removes muscle blocks ("clamps"), which are the leading cause of severe pain.
One of the most effective methods of electrotherapy is drug electrophoresis - this is a method of drug delivery targeted to diseased organs, which increases the blood supply to tissues.
Impulse currents - DDT, SMT - have significant analgesic, antispasmodic and trophic effects. Also, lasers, magnetic lasers are used to treat back pain. This method allows you to quickly get rid of the swelling associated with inflammation, and, consequently, the pain that arises in edematous tissue and compression.
Magnetotherapy is used in the form of permanent or alternating magnetic fields, it can also quickly stop swelling and pain.
D’arsonval currents are effective - these are "ozonized" currents used to relieve painful muscle spasms, high -frequency ultrasonic vibrations that eliminate inflammation and help scars to dissolve, increasing tissue elasticity.
Physiotherapy plays a special role in physiotherapy. Its importance is often underestimated, and however, without a full muscular corset, it is impossible to cure back pain and prevent the recurrence of osteochondrosis.
Physiotherapy is especially important in trauma and in the postoperative period. Its use will help prevent recurrence of back pain that occurs due to so -called "motor stereotypes". For example, an office worker who spends his entire work day sitting at a computer, or a salesperson whose workload falls. Gymnastics, yoga, Pilates, and common health -enhancing types of exercise can also be very effective methods of combating "motor automatism".
Treatment of neck pain
Pain can be caused by a variety of reasons, ranging from muscle spasms to a herniated disc in the cervical spine. If neck pain appears once (due to sharp dizziness, uncomfortable posture during sleep), most likely it will go away on its own in a few days.
To reduce pain, you just need to reduce the static load on the neck muscles (do not turn the head for long periods of time), do not get carried away with excessive physical exercise, do not make sudden neck movements.
If the pain in the neck persists or recurs frequently, accompanied by headache, numbness of the upper limbs, it is necessary to undergo a full examination.
Neck pain physiotherapy aims to relieve pain syndromes, improve blood circulation and microcirculation in the affected segment, provide anti-inflammatory and anti-edematous effects, eliminate metabolic disorders and dystrophy, and reduce movement disorders.
Physical factors are used at the inpatient and outpatient treatment stages, after the patient is discharged from the hospital, as well as at the initial postoperative recovery. In the acute period: after 4-5 days (because the severity of the process subsides), laser therapy, pulse currents (SMT, DDT, interference currents), magnetotherapy, UFO segmental zone, darsonvalization of the cervical spine collar zone and occipital area of the head, substance electrophoresis is prescribedlocal anesthetic, ganglion blocking action on the pain zone.
In the subacute period: phonophoresis with drugs, magnetotherapy, drug electrophoresis, microwave electromagnetic fields (SMV, UHF), laser therapy are used.
At the stage of remission: linked thermotherapy, including ozokerite and mud therapy for the cervical collar zone, balneotherapy (iodine-bromine, turpentine bath, laurel bath, bischofite bath), underwater bath massage, massage therapy.
Treatment of lower back pain
Pain in the lower back appears due to an imbalance of the musculoskeletal apparatus. In this case, soft tissue microtraumatization occurs, as a result of which chemical irritants (pain mediators) are released in excess. They cause muscle cramps and back pain.
The origin of lumbodynia is primarily related to osteochondrosis, which is localized in the lumbar region. Lumbodynia is characterized by excruciating pain in the lower back with moderate or traumatic factors of lumbodynia: physical fatigue, systematic or excessive physical exertion; sharp movements; continuous work in a "non -physiological" state or prolonged in an uncomfortable position; lower back bruises, hypothermia, flu, etc.
The low back pain treatment program includes the following key points:
- Bed rest for eight to ten days. At the same time, the bed must be flat and firm. "Resting" on such a surface allows the back muscles to relax.
- Medical treatment of lumbago involves the use of sedatives and painkillers and the use of novocaine blockade (with severe pain).
From the method of physiotherapy, you can use analgesic electrophoresis, impulse currents, ultraviolet irradiation of the segmental zone. In the acute period, patients can be given non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in the form of tablets, injections, suppositories or ointments that relieve muscle spasms. Warming cream can only be used during the recovery period (on the third day of exacerbation). In the acute period, they can provoke swelling and increase pain.
- After elimination of acute pain, lumbago treatment is continued with the help of exercise therapy, massage and manual therapy.
The main task at this stage is to strengthen the muscular corset and reduce nerve root compression. Special exercises for the lumbago help normalize metabolism, improve blood circulation and nutrition of the intervertebral discs, relieve muscle tension, improve intervertebral space and relax the spine.
In addition, at the stage of remission, acupuncture, hydromassage, mineral baths, mud therapy and other physiotherapy are prescribed (see Treatment of back pain). Thanks to this, blood circulation is improved, anti-inflammatory and reabsorption effects are given.
Physiotherapy treatment
Physiotherapy (from the Greek physics - properties and therapy), a branch of medicine that studies the healing properties of physical factors and develops methods for their use for therapeutic and prophylactic purposes. In modern physiotherapy, low, high, ultrahigh and ultrahigh magnetic, electric and electromagnetic fields, artificial light radiation (from infrared to ultraviolet and coherent monochromatic), mechanical vibrations (from infrasonic to ultrasonic), etc. are used.
Physical factors have influenced humans throughout evolution, so physiotherapy procedures have a greater physiological effect on the body than many drugs.
Physiotherapy treatment can be used independently and in conjunction with drug therapy, manual therapy, massage, physiotherapy exercises. The various factors and techniques used in physiotherapy determine the possibility of individual effects on the body and targeted influences on pathological processes without negative side effects.
The use of physiotherapy is possible in almost all fields of medicine: otolaryngology, gastroenterology, gynecology, urology, pulmonology, orthopedics and traumatology, neurology, surgery, cardiology and others.
There are various types of physiotherapeutic treatments, namely mud therapy, hydrotherapy (mineral and aromatic baths, underwater bath massage), magnetotherapy, laser therapy, various types of currents (galvanic, pulse, high frequency), UHF electromagnetic waves, microwaves, EHF, herbsinhalation medicine, halotherapy, vibration traction devices, physiotherapy rooms, qualified masseuse staff.
Also in the department of physical treatment methods, acupuncture therapy methods, electrical stimulation for various neurological diseases are carried out. All physiotherapy treatments are prescribed by a departmental physiotherapist, taking into account the patient’s illness and general condition.
Recovery
Medical rehabilitation is a complex of therapeutic and prophylactic measures, aimed at maximum recovery of the patient's abilities lost after various diseases.
Rehabilitation also aims to restore the patient's muscle strength, as well as prevent recurrence or complications. Today, medical rehabilitation is not simply prescribing the type of training after discharge from the hospital or undergoing a course of physiotherapy at the end of an inpatient period.
Rehabilitation is a complex of activities that includes the participation of doctors from various fields - physiotherapists, massage therapists, psychologists, speech therapists and others. As a result, complex recovery is one that allows the patient to fully recover, rather than partially. The success of treatment depends on the correct diagnosis and the optimal treatment selected and carried out, as well as the correct and timely recovery of the patient.
Rehabilitation has one purpose - the complete restoration of lost function in the patient, based on the consequences of existing injuries and illnesses, and the treatment performed.
Depending on the field of application, rehabilitation can be performed: Orthopedic - performed after injury and surgery for diseases of the musculoskeletal system, fractures, spinal malformations and postural disorders. Neurology and neurosurgery are one of the most serious types of rehabilitation, as a large number of specialists are involved in their implementation - neurologists, physiotherapists, massage therapists, psychologists and psychiatrists, speech therapists, occupational therapists, etc.
This rehabilitation is required after injuries and operations on the nervous system (brain, spinal cord), with diseases of the peripheral nervous system (nerve bundles), stroke, paresis and paralysis. Cardiological rehabilitation - recovery after an acute heart attack, with heart and blood vessel disease.
The goal of recovery is rapid muscle regeneration with their atrophy associated with prolonged physical inactivity, to restore strength and tone of the limbs, restore overall movement in the joints after immobilization (after fractures), accelerate the regrowth of cartilage tissue, increase organ tissue trophismand bone, increase mobility with adhesion to the abdominal cavity after abdominal surgery, improve the general tone of the patient and improve psychoemotional state, relieve pain and swelling after joint injury, restore physical activity after stroke, paresis and paralysis, as well as in the postoperative period in postoperative patientsassociated with diseases and injuries of the musculoskeletal system (after injuries, fractures, bruises and sprains).
It should be noted that the recovery process itself is based on stimulating the patient’s own abilities under external influences. Physical exercise, modern equipment help stimulate local and general immunity, improve the process of tissue repair, restore blood and lymph circulation.
Medical rehabilitation methods include the following methods: rehabilitation gymnastics, massage, kinesitherapy, physiotherapeutic treatment, manual therapy, electromyostimulation (it consists in improving the conduction of nerve impulses to skeletal muscle), psychological assistance, speech therapy.
It should be noted that one of the important things in rehabilitation is physiotherapeutic methods, which aim to restore lost function and stimulate movement in patients, accelerate reparative processes in tissues and organs, especially in the musculoskeletal system, nervous system and circulatory system.
One of the advantages of physiotherapy methods is that they do not use drugs, which means that there is no risk of allergic reactions and side effects, drug dependence does not develop, and the treatment methods used are usually non -invasive.
A properly selected complex of rehabilitation programs will help patients recover as quickly as possible after illness, injury or surgery, will restore a sense of freedom of movement and the ability to communicate with those around them without restrictions.